Access the official NCERT Class 10 Mathematics textbook for Chapter 14 – Probability PDF. This chapter introduces the foundation of theoretical probability, exploring key concepts such as random experiments, sample space, elementary events, favourable outcomes, and the formula P(E) = \frac{\text{favourable outcomes}}{\text{total outcomes}}. You’ll also learn about complementary events, where P(E) + P(\bar E) = 1, and understand the significance of impossible (0) and certain (1) events. The chapter applies these ideas to coins, dice, cards, and real-world scenarios .
Chapter Highlights:
- Definition: Probability as a measure of chance (0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1)
- Random Experiment, Trial, and Sample Space (S)
- Elementary Events and Favourable Outcomes
- Theoretical Probability: \(P(E) = \dfrac{|E|}{|S|}\)
- Complementary Events: \(P(E) + P(\bar E) = 1\)
- Certain vs Impossible Events (probability 1 vs 0)
- Applications: Coins, dice, and cards