Access the official NCERT Class 10 Science textbook for Chapter 13 – Our Environment PDF. This chapter describe about how living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of our surroundings interact to form ecosystems; it also explains energy flow through food chains and webs, ecological pyramids, pollution (air, water, soil, noise), ozone layer depletion, biodegradable vs non-biodegradable waste, and the importance of sustainable waste management.
Chapter Highlights:
- Definition of Environment & Components: Biotic (plants, animals, microbes) and Abiotic (air, water, soil, sunlight)
- Ecosystem & Its Structure: Producers, Consumers, Decomposers; food chains and food webs
- Ecological Pyramids and Energy Flow: Trophic levels and 10% energy transfer rule
- Types of Pollution and Environmental Impact
- Ozone Layer Depletion: Causes (CFCs) and consequences
- Waste Management: Biodegradable vs Non-biodegradable waste
- Human Activities and Sustainable Practices